This research endeavors to introduce a novel concept in ethics, namely ethics based on the primacy of EXISTENCE, drawing upon Aṣālat al-wujūd, the theory of the primacy of EXISTENCE in ontology. Mullā Sadrā's philosophy, which has three basic tenets—the primacy of EXISTENCE, substantial motion (Ḥarakat-i Juharī), AND gradation in EXISTENCE (Tashkīk-i wujūd)—is the basis for this doctrine. The primacy of EXISTENCE holds that QUIDDITY is a mental construct AND that EXISTENCE is fundamental. The writers distinguished between two conceptions of ethics in this regard: one based on EXISTENCE AND the other on QUIDDITY. Human QUIDDITY is fixed AND does not grade, hence ethics based on QUIDDITY's primacy will always be fixed AND the same for every individual. Moral obligations are universal AND shared by all individuals. On the other hAND, moral obligations for humans might vary depending on their existential status, according to ethics grounded in the primacy of EXISTENCE. Moral oughts AND ought nots are established by human existential grades in this ethics. This ethical model is flexible AND dynamic.

The present article is an attempt to clarify Mirdamad’s views on ‘EXISTENCE’ AND ‘QUIDDITY’ AND the relationship between the two. To this end, this great philosopher’s explicit view on ‘the fundamental reality of QUIDDITY’ AND meaning, the ontological position of ‘EXISTENCE’ AND ‘QUIDDITY’, the bases upon which one can posit the mentally-based position of EXISTENCE AND the real nature of fundamentally real QUIDDITY are clarified.....

In Kant AND the Problem of Metaphysics (KPM), Heidegger shows how the initial image-making power of the imagination is pictorial in the pure image of time. He further clarifies the recognized link between the syntheses AND the time-visualizing power of images which is pictorial formative power, which can visualize time. The three syntheses of imagination are replaced with the modes of EXISTENCE of Dasein. Three kinds of photographs resemble the images produced when the transcendental imagination functions as Dasein. We can address the ways to visualize time by considering Dasein with a photographic preoccupation through 1. A possible look in the form of presentation (a photograph shows an immediate look of a house or person as intuitable this-here); 2. An immediate look of the thing, house, or deceased person, as well as a copy or its reproduction as a death mask; AND, 3. The manner of contemplation of a likeness is an immediate look of a being present in the form of REPRESENTATION.

Despite the fact that the principality of EXISTENCE is one of the most important AND fundamental philosophical issues that is at the center of the intellectual AND philosophical attention of Sadr al-Muta’alehin AND many of the important philosophical issues are based on it, unfortunately lack of a precise separation of the ontological AND epistemological issues in the texts of Islamic philosophy AND Sadraian philosophy has affected on this issue itself AND its consequences, as it has affected on the ambiguity AND complexity of many philosophical issues AND on the clarity of intentions of our philosophers, as well. While presenting the history with the separating the epistemological AND ontological aspects of this issue on the bases AND phrases of Sadr al-Muta’allihIn in a descriptive-analytical method, in this article, we have tried to find out this issue AND study his correct interpretation of the basicality of EXISTENCE AND fictitiousness of the QUIDDITY from ontological AND epistemological aspects AND explain the epistemological use of QUIDDITY.

The present paper is going to deal with the problem of EXISTENCE, AND QUIDDITY in Shaykh al-Ishraq Suhrawardi's philosophy.' Certainly, among philosophical problems few topics can be found which enjoys as much' importance as" the "topic 'of EXISTENCE arid QUIDDITY.' Meanwhile,' Shaykh al -Ishraq's viewpoint on this topic is considered different from that of both Ibn Sina arid Mulla Sadra alid has raised a hot debate. 'Whereas in Mulla Sadra's outlook, EXISTENCE' is fundamentally' real,' in' Shaykh' al", Ishraq’s theory EXISTENCE is something mentally-posited arid its three technical meanings are abstract ideas. It is noteworthy that in spite of the developments of philosophical arid theological issues, the value of these two concepts not only has not decreased; but they are also, regarded among the most basic, concepts in the modern philosophy as much as the classical' philosophy so that, the understANDing of these two basic terms assists in the solution of other philosophical problems: So explaining the origins of the discussion on this topic, AND presenting the meanings AND usages of the terms as well as bringing example from Shaykh al-lshraq’s phrases, the author attempts to response the question whether the QUIDDITY, which Shaykh al-Ishraq considers as a made thing AND luminous reality, is the same as the QUIDDITY, about which Mulla Sadra says: "it has not smelled the fragrance of EXISTENCE", or whether there has been some confusion between concepts AND their instances, AND in fact controversies have been verbally rather than based upon content.

According to presupposition rule ascribing a quality to anything presupposes its subject. One instance of this rule is the ascription of being to QUIDDITY which raise objections from early times among Islamic philosophers AND received different answers. Having examined these arguments Mulla Sadra offered four responses to the above-mentioned problem: 1. This not the case for application of presupposition rule since existential proposition indicates the reality of something not a ascription of something to another. 2. The rule of presupposition applies only to the accidents of EXISTENCE not to those of quiddities. 3. According to the fundamental reality of EXISTENCE QUIDDITY has no true reality so as to be subject to the presupposition rule. 4. Reason can consider QUIDDITY as such devoid of any external or even mental subsistence therefore QUIDDITY lacks any form of reality AND cannot be a case for presupposition rule.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving Iranian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences between breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

Background: The expansion of the use of audio AND video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural AND economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct AND validate a questionnaire on physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational AND confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online AND virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical AND psychological harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions AND 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel AND neck syndrome SMS) AND has good reliability, validity AND flexibility in terms of psychometrics. Discussion AND Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify AND study the physical AND psychological injuries of mobile phones.

To investigate the effect of vermicompost, N fertilizer AND their integration on growth, biological AND essential yields oil AND its components in two populations (Varamin AND Isfahan), an experiment was conducted in a rANDomized complete block design with three replications in the field of Isfahan Medicinal Plants Research Center in 2016. Fertilizer treatments including 100% urea, vermicompost 33.3 AND urea 66.6%, vermicompost 66.6 AND urea 33.3%, 100% vermicompost AND control treatment (without fertilizer) as the first factor AND Varamin AND Isfahan populations as the second factor were selected. The results showed that the interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer AND populations on all studied traits were significant. In both populations, nitrogen fertilizer improved height, biological AND essential oil yields, content of essential oil compounds (d-Carvone AND its yield, α-phellANDrene AND linalool; except p-Cymene AND Limonene in Isfahan population). Since in medicinal plants, the quantity (biological yield) AND quality (essential oil AND d-Carvone; the most important ingredient AND the highest amount of essential oil in this experiment), 66.6% vermicompost + 33.3% urea in Varamin population, was the best treatment in the experiment. In addition an in the direction of human health AND sustainable agriculture, it is possible to reduce 33% of chemical fertilizers application AND pollution; however, in terms of other essential oil contents (α-phellANDrene, Linalool AND p-Cymene), 100% vermicompost fertilizer treatment was superior in Isfahan population.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born AND based on science. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, science AND technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony AND compatibility. Material AND Methods: The current review study was descriptive AND using the study of sources AND research keywords among the books AND articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct AND Pub Med. Conclusion: As science AND technology continue to advance AND become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions AND take actions. If science AND technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans AND influence all aspects of behavior AND values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, AND people now seek help from it as a tool.